I work with air conditioning every day, and you don't need to convert to R134a.They have a gas designed for the R12 systems, mainly consisting of hydrocarbons. In adelaide it's called Minus30.Aircon front centre plate is pump drive, pulley should free wheel when aircon off, if not will be bearing, if front plate siezed then pump is.
New Sanden SD7 compressor around $400, just put one on mates tractor, plus install,gassing, need to change to R134A gas, maybe lucky to find dodgy shop still doing R12.
Just done my ute, had a spare SD7 so job done cheap, no I'm not an installer just worked in industry years ago so had access to cheap parts years ago